1. Biosecurity in Pig Production

Biosecurity measures prevent the introduction and spread of diseases in pig herds. Key practices include:

Controlled Access: Limiting access to the farm to essential personnel and maintaining sanitation protocols for equipment, vehicles, and workers.

Isolation/Quarantine: New animals should be quarantined for 30-60 days before being introduced to the main herd to monitor for any disease signs.

Pest Control: Implementing rodent, bird, and insect control measures to prevent disease carriers.

Disinfection: Regular cleaning and disinfecting of animal housing, equipment, and transportation vehicles.

2. Gilt and Boar Selection

Gilt Selection:

Gilts should be selected based on genetics, growth rates, and reproductive performance.

Traits to consider include good body conformation, strong legs, a sound temperament, and well-developed teats (at least 12 functional teats).

Gilts should reach their first estrus between 7-8 months, with optimal breeding age around 230-250 days.

Boar Selection:

Boars should also be selected for genetic merit, fertility, libido, and disease resistance.

Avoid boars with physical defects or poor semen quality. Routine semen testing is advised.

Proper handling and management of boars are essential to avoid stress and injuries.

3. Vaccination Program

A robust vaccination program is vital for disease prevention and herd health:

Vaccination Schedule: This varies depending on farm location and disease prevalence but generally includes vaccines against common diseases like:

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)

Porcine Parvovirus (PPV)

Erysipelas

Leptospirosis

Swine Influenza

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Timing of vaccinations should be planned around breeding, farrowing, and piglet weaning to maximize effectiveness.

Ensure pigs are dewormed and vaccinated before introduction into the breeding herd.

4. Farrowing Management

Proper farrowing management is critical for piglet survival and sow recovery:

Pre-Farrowing:

Move sows to the farrowing crate 4-7 days before farrowing to minimize stress.

Monitor body condition and adjust feed to avoid overfeeding or underfeeding.

Farrowing Environment:

Keep farrowing crates clean and disinfected.

Ensure the temperature is regulated (21-23°C for sows, 32-35°C for newborn piglets).

Provide adequate bedding or flooring that is safe for piglets.

Assisting Farrowing:

Supervise farrowing to assist in difficult deliveries if needed.

Keep records of farrowing dates, litter sizes, and stillbirths.

Post-Farrowing Care:

Ensure piglets receive colostrum within the first few hours after birth.

Provide iron supplements to piglets (e.g., iron injections).

Tail docking, teeth clipping, and castration can be done if needed within the first week.