PIGGERY MANAGEMENT
- Shadreck Mwimanzi
- 29 Nov, 2024
1.
Biosecurity in Pig Production
Biosecurity
measures prevent the introduction and spread of diseases in pig herds. Key
practices include:
Controlled
Access: Limiting access to the farm to essential personnel and maintaining
sanitation protocols for equipment, vehicles, and workers.
Isolation/Quarantine:
New animals should be quarantined for 30-60 days before being introduced to the
main herd to monitor for any disease signs.
Pest
Control: Implementing rodent, bird, and insect control measures to prevent
disease carriers.
Disinfection:
Regular cleaning and disinfecting of animal housing, equipment, and
transportation vehicles.
2. Gilt and
Boar Selection
Gilt
Selection:
Gilts should
be selected based on genetics, growth rates, and reproductive performance.
Traits to
consider include good body conformation, strong legs, a sound temperament, and
well-developed teats (at least 12 functional teats).
Gilts should
reach their first estrus between 7-8 months, with optimal breeding age around
230-250 days.
Boar
Selection:
Boars should
also be selected for genetic merit, fertility, libido, and disease resistance.
Avoid boars
with physical defects or poor semen quality. Routine semen testing is advised.
Proper
handling and management of boars are essential to avoid stress and injuries.
3.
Vaccination Program
A robust
vaccination program is vital for disease prevention and herd health:
Vaccination
Schedule: This varies depending on farm location and disease prevalence but
generally includes vaccines against common diseases like:
Porcine
Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)
Porcine
Parvovirus (PPV)
Erysipelas
Leptospirosis
Swine
Influenza
Mycoplasma
hyopneumoniae
Timing of
vaccinations should be planned around breeding, farrowing, and piglet weaning
to maximize effectiveness.
Ensure pigs
are dewormed and vaccinated before introduction into the breeding herd.
4. Farrowing
Management
Proper
farrowing management is critical for piglet survival and sow recovery:
Pre-Farrowing:
Move sows to
the farrowing crate 4-7 days before farrowing to minimize stress.
Monitor body
condition and adjust feed to avoid overfeeding or underfeeding.
Farrowing
Environment:
Keep
farrowing crates clean and disinfected.
Ensure the
temperature is regulated (21-23°C for sows, 32-35°C for newborn piglets).
Provide
adequate bedding or flooring that is safe for piglets.
Assisting
Farrowing:
Supervise
farrowing to assist in difficult deliveries if needed.
Keep records
of farrowing dates, litter sizes, and stillbirths.
Post-Farrowing
Care:
Ensure
piglets receive colostrum within the first few hours after birth.
Provide iron
supplements to piglets (e.g., iron injections).
Tail
docking, teeth clipping, and castration can be done if needed
within the first week.
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